Primary hepatic neoplasms in cattle / Neoplasmas hepáticos primários de bovinos

Primary hepatic neoplasms are mostly detected in cattle as incidental findings in slaughterhouses or diagnosed at the necropsy, wherein it may be related to the cause of death. A proper characterization of primary hepatic neoplasms is essential to provide an accurate diagnosis, especially at the slaughter lines, in order to reduce erroneous condemnations. This work aimed to characterize the gross, histological, and immunohistochemical features of primary liver neoplasms detected in slaughtered cattle in Southern Brazil. Nineteen primary hepatic neoplasms were identified. Grossly, these lesions were classified according to their distribution, as focal, multifocal, or diffuse. Histologically, the shape and arrangement of the cells, as well as possible malignant features were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed for biliary epithelium (anti-CK7) and hepatocytes (anti-Hep Par-1) markers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (84.2%) was the most frequently detected hepatic neoplasm, followed by cholangiocarcinoma (15.8%), and these were only identified in adult cows. Hepatocellular carcinomas occurred as solitary masses or multifocal nodules, which on the cut surface were often green. Cholangiocarcinomas occurred as multifocal nodules, occasionally showing an umbilicated appearance. Histologically, hepatocellular carcinomas had mostly trabecular and solid patterns, while cholangiocarcinomas presented mostly a solid arrangement. Upon IHC, all hepatocellular carcinomas were immunolabeled for anti-Hep Par-1, ranging from mild (25%), moderate (31.2%) to marked (43.7%), while immunolabeling for anti-CK7 was detected only in one case of cholangiocarcinoma.(AU)

Os neoplasmas hepáticos primários são detectados em bovinos principalmente como achados incidentais em matadouros ou diagnosticados na necropsia, quando podem estar relacionados à causa da morte. A caracterização adequada dos tumores hepáticos primários é essencial para obter diagnósticos precisos, especialmente nas linhas de abate, com o propósito de reduzir condenações errôneas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar as características macroscópicas, histológicas e imuno-histoquímicas dos neoplasmas primários do fígado de bovinos abatidos em um matadouro-frigorífico no Sul do Brasil. Dezenove neoplasias hepáticas primárias foram identificadas. Macroscopicamente, os tumores hepáticos foram classificados de acordo com sua distribuição, como focais, multifocais ou difusos. Histologicamente, a forma e o arranjo das células e possíveis características malignas foram avaliados. Também foi realizada imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) para marcadores de epitélio biliar (anti-CK7) e hepatócitos (anti-Hep Par-1). O carcinoma hepatocelular (84,2%) foi o neoplasma hepático mais frequentemente detectado, seguido pelo colangiocarcinoma (15,8%). Esses tumores foram identificados apenas em vacas adultas. Os carcinomas hepatocelulares eram vistos como massas solitárias ou nódulos multifocais que na superfície de corte geralmente eram esverdeados. Os colangiocarcinomas foram observados como nódulos multifocais, ocasionalmente com aspecto umbilicado. Histologicamente, os padrões mais observados nos carcinomas hepatocelulares foram trabeculares e sólidos, enquanto nos colangiocarcinomas o arranjo sólido foi o mais frequente. Na IHQ, todos os carcinomas hepatocelulares foram marcados por anti-Hep Par-1, com marcação que variou de leve (25%), moderada (31,2%) a acentuada (43,7%); imunomarcação para anti-CK7 foi detectada em apenas um caso de colangiocarcinoma.(AU)

Studies on Hepatoprotective Activity of Various Extracts of Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity Rats.

Liver disease is universal problem. In the absence of reliable liver-protective drugs in allopathic medical practices, herbal products take a role in the management of various liver diseases. Current investigation was to examine hepatoprotective potential of Macaranga peltata (Family Euphorbiaceae) on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.METHODSThe aerial parts of Macaranga peltata dry powder was extracted with various solvents (PE, EA and methanol) through Soxhlet extractor and crude extract was utilized testing of hepatoprotective activity. Paracetamol (2 g/Kg b. wt.) given orally to rats induced hepatotoxicity on the 5th day of the investigational period.RESULTSRats with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity exhibited elevated (p<0.001) activities of liver enzymes [SGOT, SGPT, ALP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)], creatinine, urea, total bilirubin, total cholesterol & TG and reduced total protein in serum. Furthermore, rats which were given oral methanolic concentrates of Macaranga peltata (200 mg/Kg b. wt.) showed major reduction in the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) creatinine, urea, total bilirubin, total cholesterol & triglycerides and also significantly elevated the concentration of total protein and albumin when compared to other concentrates.CONCLUSIONThus, results suggest that methanolic concentrates of Macaranga peltata could afford better hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Prophylactic and Curative Effects of Thymoquinone against CCL4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Background: Natural products from medicinal plants such as thymoquinone (TQ), the major compound derived from Nigella sativa L. Which has received considerable attention in recent years due to its diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities? The aim of this study is the investigation of prophylactic and curative effects of TQ against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of 3 ml/kg, 1:1 (V/V) mixture of CCl4 and olive oil both before and after treatment for 7 days with TQ. Prophylactic and curative effects of TQ were evaluated by estimating the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results: CCl4 administering by intraperitoneal injection led to significant (P<0.05) increase in serum transaminases (ALT and AST) and phosphatase (ALP) respectively compared with control animals. Thymoquinone showed significant (p<0.05) hepatoprotective activity by decreasing the activities of ALT, AST, ALP in both prophylactic and curative effects. These results revealed that thymoquinone possesses significant hepatoprotective and hepatocurative effects against CCl4-induced toxicity via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities but the hepatocurative effect was the most effective. Conclusion: Thymoquinone is a compound known for its pharmacological proprieties. We illustrated in this work, its important effect against hepatotoxicity induced by a toxic agent as CCL4 when it’s administrated in prophylactic or curative way.